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EDUCATION Ph.D., University of Chicago EXPERTISE/INTERESTS Testing and educational policy; classroom assessment. HONORS/PUBLICATIONS/PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES BooksOrdering Theory and Methods . Los Angeles: Theta Press, 1975. (with W. Bart and D. Krus) Minimal Competency Testing. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications, 1979. (with G. Madaus and J. Pedulla) School Effectiveness: A Reassessment of the Evidence. New York: McGraw Hill Book Co., 1980 (with G. Madaus and T. Kellaghan) The Effects of Standardized Testing. Boston: Kluwer-Nijhoff Publishing, 1982. (with T. Kellaghan and G. Madaus) Classroom Assessment. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1991. Classroom Assessment, 2/E. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1994. Assessment in the Classroom, New York: McGraw-Hill Inc., 1996. Classroom Assessment, 3/E. New York: McGraw Hill Book Co. 1997. Teacher Self-Evaluation Tool Kit. Corwin Press. 1997. (with A. Gullickson). To be reprinted in a Spanish Edition. Chapters and Sections in BooksThe Role of Evaluation in Mastery Learning, in J. Block, Mastery Learning: Theory and Practice. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971, 77-88. The Use of Hierarchies in the Analysis and Planning of Algebra Instruction, in R. Mooney and R. Armstrong, Research Articles in Education. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall Hunt Publishing, 1971, 101-106. Functional Types of Student Evaluation, Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance, 1972, 4, 4, 221-233. Reprinted in: J. M. Polardy, Teaching Today, New York: Macmillan, 1975, 412-426. W. A. Mehrens, Readings in Educational and Psychological Measure- ment and Evaluation, New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1975, 9-25. Criterion-Referenced Testing in the Classroom, NCME Measurement in Education, 1972, 3, 4, 1-12. Reprinted in: R. Hull and M. Mohan, Individualized Instruction and Individualized Learning, Chicago: Nelson Hall, 1974, 384-404. W. Goodwin, An Introduction to Educational Psychology: The Facilitation of Student Learning, New York: Harper and Row, 1974. R. Tyler and R. Wolf, Crucial Issues in Testing, Berkeley, CA: McCutchan Publishing Co., 1974, 73-88. V. Martuzza, An Introduction to Norm-Referenced and Criterion- Referenced Measurement in Education, New York: Allyn and Bacon, 1977, 330-344. Il Ruolo Della Valutzaione nel Mastery Learning, in J. Block, Mastery Learning: Procedimenti Scientifici di Educazione Individualizatta, Torino, Italy, Loescher Publishing, 1972, 104-120. Performance-Based Teacher Education: Evaluative Issues, in T. Andrews, Assessment, Syracuse: Multistate Consortium on Performance-Based Teacher Education, 1973, 12-20. Designing Summative Evaluation Studies at the Local Level, in J. Popham, Evaluation in Education, Berkeley, CA: McCutchan Publishing, 1974, 147-199. Measurement Implications of Minimal Competency Testing, in E. Reidy and R. Wallace, Perspectives on Competency Testing, Boston: New England School Development Council, 1979, 21-30. Proportion and Direction of Teacher Rating Changes in Pupils' Progress Attributable to Standardized Test Information, in I. Lehman and W. Mehrens, Educational Research: Readings in Focus, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1980, 374-385. (with G. Madaus, J. Pedulla, and T. Kellaghan) Societal Experimentation, in G. Madaus, M. Scriven, and D. Stufflebeam, Evaluation Models, Boston: Martinus Nijhoff, 1983, 163-176. Test Administration, in T. Husen and N. Postlethwaite, International Encyclopedia of Education: Research and Studies. Oxford, England: Pergamon Press, 1984 (with S. Terrasi). Institutional Barriers to School Change, in W. Rosen, High-School Biology Today and Tomorrow, Washington, D. C.: National Academy Press, 1989,252-265. Critical Pedagogy and the Realities of Teaching, in H. Perkinson, Teachers without Goals, Schools without Purposes, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993, 81-93. The impact of the Taxonomy on Testing and Evaluation, in L. Anderson and L. Sosniak (Eds.), The Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: A 40 Year Retrospective, Berkeley: McCutcheon, 1994. 82-102. Oregon work sample methodology: Potential and problems, in J. Millman (Ed.), Assuring accountability...? Using gains in student learing to evaluate teachers and schools. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, 1997, 46-52. Teacher self-evaluation, in J. Stronge (Ed.), Evaluating teaching: A guide to current thinking and best practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, 1997, 215 - 247. (with A. Gullickson) ArticlesFormative Evaluation Instruments. The Irish Journal of Education, 1968, 2, 2, 127-135. The Use of Hierarchies in the Analysis and Planning of Chemistry Instruction. Science Education, 1970, 54, 1, 91-95. The Use of Hierarchies in Curriculum Analysis and Instructional Planning. California Journal of Educational Research, 1971, 22, 1, 34-41. A Study of Behaviorally Dependent Classroom Taught Task Hierarchies. Educational Technology Research Report Series, Number 3, 1971. Behavioral Objectives and the Teaching of English. English Journal, 1971, 60, 4, 495-499. A Method of Validating Sequential Instructional Hierarchies. Educational Technology, 1971, 11, 54-57. An Instructional-Evaluation Monitoring System. Curriculum Theory Network, Monograph Supplement 8-9, Fall, 1971, 74-85 (with G. Madaus and E. Rakow). Functional Types of Student Evaluation. Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance, 1972, 4, 221-233 (with G. Madaus). The Use of Machines in Formative Evaluation. Association for Educational Data Systems Journal, 1972, 5, 4, 117-124. The Effects of Standardized Testing. The Irish Journal of Education. Winter, 1972, 5, 2, 70-85 (with G. Madaus and T. Kellaghan). Criterion-Referenced Testing in the Classroom. NCME Measurement in Education, 1972, 3, 4 (with G. Madaus). An Application of a Mastery Learning Strategy. Psychology inthe Schools, 1972, 9, 2, 131-134. Evaluation of the Binaural Sensory Aid. American Foundation for the Blind Research Bulletin, June, 1973, 26, 51-72. Ordering Theory: A New and Useful Measurement Model. Educational Technology, 1973, 13, 5, 56-60 (with W. Bart). Differences in the Use of Evaluation to Measure and Diagnose Student Learning. Improving College and University Teaching, Autumn, 1974, 213-214. Basic Techniques for Designing Evaluation Studies. American Educational Research Association Training Cassette, Series C, 1974 The Determination of the Ordering Among Seven Piagetian Tasks by an Ordering Theoretic Method. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1974, 66, 2, 277-284 (with W. Bart). Scaling Attitude Items: A Comparison of Scalogram Analysis and Ordering Theory. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1975, 35, 809-819 (with G. Madaus and E. Woods). Validating A Priori Instructional Hierarchies. Journal of Educational Measurement, 1975, 12, 3, 163-173 (with W. Bart). The Analysis of a Propositional Logic Game by Ordering Theory. Child Study Journal, 1975, 5, 1, 13-24 (with W. Bart and J. Greaney). Mathematical Attainment of Post-Primary Entrants. Irish Journal of Education, 1976, 10, 1, 3-17 (with G. Madaus, T. Kellaghan, and P. Fontes) Issues in Evaluating Student Outcomes in Competency-Based Graduation Programs. Journal of Research and Development in Education, 1977, 10, 3, 79-91 (with G. Madaus). Proportion and Direction of Teacher Rating Changes of Pupils' Progress Attributable to Standardized Test Information. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1977, 69, 6, 702-709 (with G. Madaus, T. Kellaghan, and J. Pedulla). The Stability of Teachers' Perceptions of Pupil Characteristics. Irish Journal of Education, 1977, 11, 74-84 (with G. Madaus and T. Kellaghan). Variables Related to Teachers' Perceptions of Pupils' Future Status. Irish Journal of Education, 1978 (with V. Cahill, G. Madaus, and T. Kellaghan). A Post Hoc Technique for Identifying Between Program Differences in Achievement. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 1978, 4, 1, 1-8 (with G. Madaus). Assessing School and Program Effectiveness: Estimating Teacher Level Effects. Journal of Educational Measurement, 1978, 15, 1, 15-21 (with E. Rakow and G. Madaus). Growth in Mathematical Attainment of Pupils. Irish Journal of Education, 1978, 12, 1 and 2, 3-21 (with J. Close, T. Kellaghan, and G. Madaus). What Are the Educational Implications of Minimum Competency? The National Elementary Principal, 1979, 58, 2, 35-36. The National Consortium on Testing. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 1979, 1, 3. Teachers' Perceptions of Test-Taking Behavior of Pupils. Washington, D.C.: The National Institute of Education, 1979, 1-17 (with G. Madaus and T. Kellaghan). Concepts of School Effectiveness. Washington, D.C.: The National Institute of Education, 1979, 1-46 (with G. Madaus and T. Kellaghan). Sampling Considerations in Field Centered Research. Washington, D.C.: The National Institute of Education, 1979, 1-21 (with G. Madaus and T. Kellaghan). A Perspective on the Uses and Misuses of Standardized Achievement Tests. NCME Measurement in Education, 10, 3, Fall, 1979, 1-12. Opinions of the Irish Public on the Goals and Adequacy of Education. Irish Journal of Education, 1979, 13, 87-125 (with G. Madaus, T. Kellaghan, and P. Fontes). Sampling from Samples: A Comparison of Strategies in Longitudinal Research. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1980, 40, 807- 813 (with J. Pedulla). Dimensions Underlying Teacher Judgments of Pupils and Pupils' Standardized Test Results. American Educational Research Journal, 1980, 17, 3, 303-307 (with J. Pedulla and G. Madaus). Standardized Testing in Elementary Schools: Effects on Schools, Teachers, and Students. Washington, D.C.: The National Institute of Education, 1979, (with G. Madaus and T. Kellaghan). Improvement of Tests and Testing Programs. Evaluation Comment, 1980, 6, 2, 6-7. Opinions of the Irish Public on Examinations. Irish Journal of Education, 1980, 14, 1 and 2, 53-74 (with P. Fontes, T. Kellaghan, and G. Madaus) Opinions of the Irish Public on Innovations in Education. Irish Journal of Education, 1981, 15, 1 and 2, 23-40 (with P. Fontes, T. Kellaghan, and G. Madaus). Development and Application of Criteria for Screening Commercial Standardized Tests. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 1982, 4, 3, 401-415 (with R. Hambleton, G. Madaus, R. Consalvo, and L. Orlandi). Effects of Standardized Testing: Design and Major Findings. Educational Measurement Issues and Practice, 1983, 2, 2, 25-27 (with T. Kellaghan and G. Madaus). Opinions of the Irish Public on Intelligence. Irish Journal of Education, 1983, 17, 1 and 2, 55-67 (with G. Madaus, T. Kellaghan, and P. Fontes). Linking Testing and Instruction: Policy Issues. Journal of Educational Measurement, 1983, 20, 2, 103-118 (with G. Madaus). Reply to Locascio. Educational Measurement Issues and Practice. 1983, 2, 3, 25-26 (with G. Madaus). State Mandated Testing and Educational Reform. American Journal of Education, 1987, 95, 3, 393-412. The Consequences of High School Graduation Testing Programs, NASSP Bulletin, 1987, 71, 496, 54-69. Payment by Results: An Analysis of a Nineteenth Century Performance- Contracting Programme, Irish Journal of Education, 1987, 21, 1&2, 80-91. Measurement Driven Instruction: A Closer Look, Educational Measurement, Issues and Practices, 1988, 7, 4, 6-11. reprinted in Clarzio, Mehrens, and Hapkiewicz, Contemporary Issues in Educational Psychology, 1993. Symbolic Validation: The Case of State-Mandated, High-Stakes Testing, Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 1988, 4, 10, 301-313. The Relationship Between Adaptive Behavior and Intelligence for Special Needs Students, Psychology in the Schools, 1989, 26, 202-208 (with S. Terrasi). Perspectives on Measurement Instruction. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 1991, 10, 1, 13-16. Test Administration. in T. Husen and N. Postlethwaite (Eds.), The International Encyclopedia of Education, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1993. Classroom Assessment. in T. Husen and N. Postlethwaite (Eds.), The International Encyclopedia of Education, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1993. Teacher Assessment. NASSP Bulletin, October, 1993, 55-65. Policy-Driven Assessment or Assessment-Driven Policy? Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 1993, 26, 22-30.. The Teacher as Applied Measurer: Improving Classroom Measurement and Assessment. Applied Measurement in Education, 1993, 6, 3, 241-254. (with A. Jones) Examination of Teacher Self-Assessment. Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education, 1994, 8, 195-203. (with A. Gullickson) Teacher Self-Assessment: Potential and Barriers. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 1994, Fall, 6-10. Self-Assessment Tool Kit Designed to Help Teachers Analyze Practice. 1994. Evaluation Perspectives, 4, 3. (With A. Gullickson and E, Assaff). Classroom Assessment. International Encyclopedia of Teaching and Teacher Education, 1995. Constructivist cautions. Phi Delta Kappan, 1997, 78, 6, 444-449. (with M. Walsh) reprinted in The Education Digest, 1997, 62, 8, 62-68. reprinted in Readings in Educational Psychology, 2E, 1998 reprinted in Michigan Science Teacher's Journal, 1997 Classroom Assessment. International Encyclopedia of Developmental and Instructional Psychology, 1998. Classroom Assessment, International Encyclopedia of HIgher Education (CD-ROM), 1998. Teachers Say Grades Aren't Enough. American School Board Journal, 1997, 184, 12,31. (with J. Hubelbank) Empiricism and Values: Two Faces of Educational Change. International Journal of Educational Research, 1998, 27, 5, ReviewsReview of Sawin, E., Evaluation and the Work of the Teacher and Karmel, L., Measurement and Evaluation in the Schools, for Educaional Leadership, 1971, 5, 558-559. Review of Ingenkamp, K., Developments in Educational Testing, Volumes I and II. London: University of London Press, 1967, for Irish Journal of Education, 1972, 6, 1, 66-69. Review of Moursund, J., Evaluation, An Introduction to Research Design, for Contemporary Psychology, 1974, 19, 9, 664-665. Review of Armbruster, F., Our Children's Crippled Future, for Journal of Educational Measurement, 1978, 15, 3, 233-235. Review of Cooperative Primary Tests, for O. K. Buros, The Eighth Mental Measurement Yearbook, 1979, 15-17. Review of Basic Educational Skills Inventory, for O. K. Buros, The Eighth Mental Measurement Yearbook, 1979, 45-46. Review of Stanford Achievement Test Forms E and F, for Journal of Educational Measurement, 1985, 22, 2, 163-167. Review of Assessment of Basic Competencies, for The Ninth Mental Measurement Yearbook, 1991. Review of Iowa Tests of Basic Skills Forms 7 and 8 for The Ninth Mental Measurement Yearbook, 1991. Reviewer of A. Nitko, Integrating Tests and Instruction, in R. Linn (Ed.), Educational Measurement,Third Edition, Washington, D.C.: The American Council on Education, 1991. Review of California Achievement Tests, Form E & F for The Tenth Mental Measurement Yearbook, 1993. Review of The Reading Test AD for The Tenth Mental Measurement Yearbook, 1993. Review of Ravitch, D., National Standards in American Education. American Jounral of Education, 1996, 104, 2, 166-170. Other Significant WritingsA Comparison of Catholic and Public School Achievement in Secular Subjects. Portion of Education in the Archdiocese of Boston, report by the New England Catholic Education Center, 1969. Students. Portion of the Catholic Education Research Center's study of DeMatha High School, Hyattsville, MD, 1969. The Irish Scene Ordering Theory and Methods. Occasional paper #28 of the Research, Development and Demonstration Center in Education of Handicapped Children, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, July, 1974 (with W. Bart and D. Krus). The Consequences of Introducing Educational Testing: A Societal Experiment. Site visit report to the Carnegie Corporation, the Russell Sage Foundation, the National Institute of Education, and the Spencer Foundation, October 27-28, 1975, Dublin, Ireland (with G. Madaus and T. Kellaghan). Review of Student Outcomes in the Oregon Competency Based Graduation Plan. Review prepared for the Northwest Regional Education Laboratory, Portland, OR, February, 1976 (with G. Madaus). A Study of the Sensitivity of School and Program Effectiveness Measures. Final report submitted to the Carnegie Corporation of New York, July, 1976, pp 287 (with G. Madaus). Appendices I-V: The Consequences of Introducing Educational Testing: A Societal Experiment. Submitted to the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the National Institute of Education, the Russell Sage Foundation, and the Spencer Foundation, October, 1978 (with G. Madaus and T. Kellaghan). Policy Issues in Minimal Competency Testing and a Comparison of Implementation Models. Report submitted to the Department of Education, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1978, pp 155 (with G. Madaus and J. Pedulla). Development and Application of Criteria for Screening Commercial Standardized Tests for the Massachusetts Basic Skills Improvement Policy. Report submitted to the Department of Education, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, April, 1979 (with G. Madaus, R. Hambleton, R. Consalvo, and L. Orlandi). Panel Statement on the Florida Functional Literacy Test. Oral testimony and report submitted to the Legislative Task Force on Assessment Programs in Florida, Tallahassee, FL, November, 1978 (with E. Baker and W. Keesling). The Effects of Standardized Testing. Final report submitted to the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the National Institute of Education, the Russell Sage Foundation, and the Spencer Foundation, May, 1980, pp 920 (with G. Madaus and T. Kellaghan). Education in Public Policy: Growth and Implications. Prepared for "The Individual, the Environment, and Education: A Conference in Honor of Benjamin S. Bloom," University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, March 2-3, 1984. Classroom Assessment and Educational Improvement. Keynote address, "Classroom Assessment: A Key to Educational Excellence," Northwest Regional Laboratory, Portland, OR, November 27-28, 1984. Review of the REACH Proposal. Position paper on teacher testing and incentive legislation proposed by the Massachusetts State Legislature. Prepared for the Massachusetts Association of School Superintendents, October, 1987. Major Addresses to Professional or Scholarly GroupsMastery Learning and Formative Evaluation. Invited address, Institute for Computer Assisted Instruction, Washington, D. C., October, 1968. The Use of Machines in Formative Evaluation. Invited paper, Northeast Invitational Measurement Conference, sponsored by Harcourt, Brace, & World, Framingham, MA, June, 1969. Theory of Individualized Instruction, K-12 and Procedures for Evaluating Learning in Individualized Programs. Invited Addresses, Tenth Annual Instructional Leadership Conference, College of Education, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, June, 1969. Multiple Uses of Evaluation in the School Setting. Address to The Administrative Institute, Merrimac Valley Educational Center, April, 1970. Seminar on Societal Experimentation. Discussion of position papers concerned with the conduct of a societal experiment on testing in the Republic of Ireland, St. Patrick's College, Dublin, Ireland, Nov. 30-Dec. 2, 1971 (with G. Madaus and T. Kellaghan). New View of Evaluation at the College and University Level and Varied Forms of Student Evaluation. Invited addresses, Faculty Development Seminar of the College of Mid-America, Sioux Falls, SD, March, 1972 (with J. Block). Performance-Based Teacher Education: Evaluation Issues. Invited Paper, Multi- state Consortium on Performance-Based Education, New Orleans, LA, February, 1973. Curriculum Evaluation. Invited lecture to the Irish National Teachers' Organization, Dublin, Irland, July, 1974. The Irish Study. Invited presentation, Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ, December, 1974. Examining School Effectiveness. Fourth invited lecture in the Spring Colloquium Series "Psychology in the Schools in the Next Decade." Sponsored jointly by the Departments of Psychoeducational Studies and the Social, Psychological and Philosophical Foundations of Education, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, June, 1977. Societal Experimentation. Symposium address, British Psychological Society, Exeter, England, March, 1977. Measurement Implications of Minimal Competency Testing. Address presented at the New England School Development Council, Boxborough, MA, May, 1978. Premeasurement Issues in Minimal Competency Testing Programs. Presentation at the Spring Membership Meeting of the National Consortium on Testing, Arlington, VA, May, 1978. Competency Testing: An Introduction. Address at the Annual Joint Conference of the Massachusetts Associations of School Committes and School Superintendents, Hyannis, MA, October, 1978. The Uses and Misuses of Standardized Achievement Tests. Paper presented at the National Institute of Education Regional Conferences on Testing and Instruction, Los Angeles, CA , May 14-15, 1979 and Boston, MA, June 11-12, 1979. The Irish Project: Assessing the Consequences of Introducing Standardized Testing. Invited address, University of South Carolina Conference on Educational Research, Columbia, SC, December, 1979. Legal Intervention in the Florida Testing Program- Derba P. vs. Turlington. Address at the conference on Minimum Competency Testing: A Case Study of the Florida Functional Literacy Examination, Sponsored by the Center for Law and Education and the Division of Educational Research, Boston College, Cambridge, MA, February 7-8, 1980. Overview of the Papers: A Measurement View. Presented at the Conference on the Courts and Content Validity in Minimum Competency Testing, Chestnut Hill, MA, October 13-14, 1981. The Nature of Ability Testing. Presented at the Invitational Conference on Measurement in Catholic Education, Sponsored by the Archdiocese of Boston and the Psychological Corporation, Waltham, MA, November 8-10, 1981. Assessment. Presented at the Faculty Development Day Conference on Assessment of Student Performance, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, September 6, 1983. Effective Schools Research in the United States, An Examination of Methodological Issues and Findings. Presented at the Association of Educational Research Officers of Ontario Fall Conference on Effective Schools, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, December 6, 1984. Teaching Measurement Concepts to Teachers. Training session presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association and The National Council on Measurement in Education, April, 1986, San Francisco and April, 1988, New Orleans. Reactions to the Massachusetts Elementary School Principals Association position paper entitled "Recommendations for the Appropriate Use of Standardized Tests in Grades K-8." Worcester, MA, October 1987. State Mandated, High Stakes Testing Programs: Challenges to Educators. Invited paper presented at the Association for Moral Education Annual Meeting, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. November 13, 1987. Institutional Barriers to School Change. Invited paper presented at a conference for the Committee on High-School Biology Education, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D. C., October, 1988.
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