Submission Guidelines
Citations: References and Endnotes
Citation styles vary by discipline and field. However, in order to create a uniform citation style throughout the multidisciplinary undergraduate publication, Elements has developed its own style for referencing works used in articles. These guidelines may not be used in your field of study, and may even be looked down upon, but are nevertheless required for the internal consistency of our publication. If the guidelines below are confusing, we suggest consulting the current issue to become familiar with the style.
Endnotes
Endnotes should be used to make lengthy parenthetical comments and to serve as the shortcut for a citation. There should be no footnotes in the manuscript. Citations should be made in the following form:
i Author’s last name (year) OR i Author’s last name (page number)
So, for example:
i Johnson (1999) OR i Johnson (27)
Typically the former is more common for social science publications, and the latter for humanities manuscripts. Use whichever you prefer. If the author’s name is not available, the title of the publication should be used instead (in the shortest form possible).
References
An alphabetic list of references should be included. This list should include the full bibliographic information of the work cited. This information should not be presented in the endnotes. Below are the examples of the style for various types of works:
Books and Reports:
Johnson, Frederick H. 1987. The Future of Semiology in American Literature. New York: McMillan Publishing, pp. 157-78.
Gamson, Joshua and John Freeport, Eds. 2002. A Review of Affordable Housing. Washington, D.C.: Rand McNally.
Kierkegaard, Soren. 1944. The Concept of Dread. trans. Walter Lowrie. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Trustees of the Social Security Trust Fund. 2004. Annual Report of the Trustees of the Social Security Trust Fund. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
Journal Articles:
Chapin, Amelia G. 1998. “Social Policy Development: The Strengths Perspective.” Social Work, 40(4), pp. 567-89, June.
Mankiw, Gregory. 2001. “Government Debt and the Saudi Oil Markets.” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8(2), pp. 23-67, February.
Internet Sources:
U.S. Census Bureau. 2001. “The Asian and Pacific Islander Population in the United States: March 2000 (Update).” (PPL-146). Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/race/api.html.