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ARTICLE CONTENTS
[Pages 689-728] TOP OF ARTICLE Introduction
I. A Short History of Equity Jurisprudence
A. The Greek Concept of Epieikeia
B. The Roman Concept of Aequitas and the Early Budding of the Injunction
1. The Jus Prętor
2. The Interdict
C. English Courts of Chancery and Equity
1. Roman Influence on the Court of Chancerys Determination of Liability
2. Roman Influence on the Court of Chancerys Remedies
D. American Courts of Chancery and Equity
1. Equity in the Colonies and the Early States
2. Equity in the Federal Courts
II. Injunctions and the Balancing of the Utilities
A. Revival of Discretion, the Industrial Revolution, and a Critical Extension of Dicta
1. St. Helens Smelting Co.
2. Reaction to Equitys Formalism
III. Balancing of the Utilities and Sunk Costs
A. Willful and Knowing Violations in Suits Involving Private Parties and Private Law
B. Willful and Knowing Violations in Suits Involving Private Parties and Public Law
IV. Extending the Equitable Canon of Innocence and Diligence to Agencies and the Public Law: A Guide for Judges and Environmental Litigants
A. Extension to an Agencys Willful and Knowing Violation of a Public Law
B. The Trigger: When Is an Agency Violation of the Public Law Willful and Knowing?
Conclusion
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