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The Center for International Higher Education actively supports collaborative research activities. This orientation has enriched the Center’s publications with a multitude of perspectives and expert insights on topics of concern to higher education across the globe. The CIHE Book and Chapter Indexes—cross-referenced by author, subject and geographic area/country—provide bibliographic information for each of these unique contributions.

Index

CIHE Books and Chapters: Country/Region Index

  • Africa
  • Algeria
  • Angola
  • Argentina
  • Asia
  • Bahrain
  • Benin
  • Botswana
  • Brazil
  • Bulgaria
  • Burkina-Faso
  • Burundi
  • Cambodia
  • Cameroon
  • Cape Verde
  • Central African Republic
  • Central and Eastern Europe
  • Chad
  • Chile
  • China
  • Comoros, Reunion, and Seychelles
        (Indian Ocean Islands)
  • Congo (Brazzaville)
  • Congo, Democratic Republic of (Zaire)
  • Cote d'Ivoire
  • Djibouti
  • Egypt
  • Equatorial Guinea
  • Eritrea
  • Ethiopia
  • Europe
  • France
  • Gabon
  • Gambia
  • Ghana
  • Germany
  • Guinea-Bissau
  • Hungary
  • India
  • Indonesia
  • Italy
  • Japan
  • Kenya
  • Kuwait
  • Latin America
  • Lesotho
  • Liberia
  • Libya
  • Madagascar
  • Malawi
  • Malaysia
  • Mali
  • Mauritania
  • Mauritius
  • Mexico
  • Middle East
  • Morocco
  • Mozambique
  • Namibia
  • Netherlands, The
  • Niger
  • Nigeria
  • newly-industrialized countries (NICs)
  • Oman
  • Philippines, The
  • Qatar
  • Russia
  • Rwanda
  • Sao Tome and Principé
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Senegal
  • Sierra Leone
  • Singapore
  • Somalia
  • South Africa
  • South Korea
  • Spain
  • Sudan
  • Swaziland
  • Sweden
  • Taiwan
  • Tanzania
  • Thailand
  • Togo
  • Tunisia
  • Uganda
  • United Arab Emirates
  • United Kingdom
  • United States
  • Vietnam
  • Zambia
  • Zimbabwe

  • Africa

    Al Habo, M.-A. (2003). Chad. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 237-247). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2002). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G. (2003). African higher education and the world. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 143-148). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2003). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2004). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (Spanish-language ed.). Roma, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana.

    Altbach, P. G., & Peterson, P. M. (Eds.). (1999). Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response. Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Attieh, A. (2003). Algeria. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 151-161). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Badsha, N. (1999). South Africa: Future prospects. In P. G. Altbach & P. M. Peterson (Eds.), Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response (pp. 39-45). Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Bagayoko, D., & Diawara, M. M. (2003). Mali. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 423-430). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Baichoo, R., Parahoo, S. K. A., & Fagoonee, I. (2003). Mauritius. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 440-448). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Booth, M. Z. (2003). Swaziland. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 574-582). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Chilundo, A. (2003). Mozambique. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 462-475). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Chimombo, J. P. A. (2003). Malawi. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 414-422). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Colley, K. E. (2003). Gambia. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 330-337). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    de Carvalho, P., Kajibanga, V., & Heimer, F.-W. (2003). Angola. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 162-175). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Effah, P. (2003). Ghana. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 338-349). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    El Tom, M. E. A. (2003). Sudan. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 563-573). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    El-Hawat, A. (2003). Libya. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 391-402). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Emmanuel, E. A. B. K. M. (2003). Togo. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 595-600). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Eshiwani, G. S. (1999). Higher education in Africa: Challenges and strategies for the 21st century. In P. G. Altbach & P. M. Peterson (Eds.), Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response (pp. 31-38). Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Ez-zaïm, H. (2003). Comoros, Reunion, and Seychelles (Indian Ocean Islands). In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 248-251). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Fehnel, R. (2003). Massification and future trends in African higher education. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 73-81). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Guedegbe, C. M. (2003). Benin. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 176-181). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Guenda, W. (2003). Burkina-Faso. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 195-203). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Houenou, P. V., & Houenou-Agbo, Y. (2003). Cote D'Ivoire. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 273-280). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Ilon, L. (2003). Foreign aid financing of higher education in Africa. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 61-72). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Jibril, M. (2003). Nigeria. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 492-499). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Kandeh, J. B. A., Dugba, T. M., & Pessima, J. L. (2003). Sierra Leone. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 527-535). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Kharchi, A. (2003). Mauritania. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 431-439). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Koen, C. (2003). Challenges and pressures facing the academic profession in South Africa. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 297-324). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Lelo, M. (2003). Congo, Democratic Republic of (Zaire). In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 265-272). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Lobban Jr., R. A., & Leary, R. (2003). Cape Verde. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 224-228). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Lulat, Y. G.-M. (2003). The development of higher education in Africa: A historical survey. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 15-31). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Lulat, Y. G.-M. (2003). Zambia. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 624-635). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Machado-Taylor, M. d. L., Pinto, L. L. V., & Taylor, J. S. (2003). Sao Tome and Principé. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 512-515). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Maunde, R. (2003). Zimbabwe. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 636-648). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Mazimhaka, J., & Daniel, G. F. (2003). Rwanda. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 500-511). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Mbemba, G. (2003). Congo (Brazzaville). In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 252-264). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Mendes, J. (2003). Guinea-Bissau. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 355-358). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Millot, B., Waite, J., & Zaiem, H. (2003). Tunisia. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 601-610). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Mintsa mi-Eya, V. (2003). Gabon. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 326-329). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Mkude, D., & Cooksey, B. (2003). Tanzania. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 583-594). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Mohamed, N., & Teferra, D. (2003). Djibouti. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 281-284). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Musisi, N. B. (2003). Uganda. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 611-623). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Mwiria, K. (2003). University governance and university-state relations. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 32-43). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    N'Guerekata, G. M. (2003). Central African Republic. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 229-236). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Ndiaye, H.-G. (2003). Senegal. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 516-526). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Ngome, C. (2003). Kenya. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 359-371). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Njeuma, D. L. (2003). Cameroon. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 215-223). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Ntimo-Makara, M. (2003). Lesotho. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 372-380). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Nur-Awaleh, M. (2003). Somalia. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 536-544). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Oakrime, M. (2003). Morocco. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 449-461). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Otaala, B. (2003). Namibia. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 476-486). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Pomeroy, D. (2003). Equatorial Guinea. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 301-308). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Rathgeber, E. M. (2003). Women in universities and university-educated women: The current situation in Africa. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 82-92). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Rule, C. S. (2003). Eritrea. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 309-315). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Said, M. E. (2003). Egypt. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 285-300). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Saint, W. (2003). Tertiary distance education and technology in sub-Saharan Africa. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 93-110). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Seyon, P. L. N. (2003). Liberia. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 381-390). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Shabani, J. (2003). Burundi. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 204-214). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Souley, A. N. (2003). Niger. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 487-491). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Stiles, J. (2003). Madagascar. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 403-413). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Subotzky, G. (2003). South Africa. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 545-562). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Sylla, S., with Ez-zaïm, H., & Teferra, D. (2003). Guinea. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 350-354). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Teferra, D. (2003). The language predicament in African universities. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 111-116). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Teferra, D. (2003). Scientific communication and research in African universities: Challenges and opportunities in the twenty-first century. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 128-142). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Teferra, D., & Altbach, P. G. (2003). African higher education: An international reference handbook. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Teferra, D., & Altbach, P. G. (2003). Trends and perspectives in African higher education. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 3-14). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Thaver, B. (2003). Private higher education in Africa: Six country case studies. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 53-60). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Weeks, S. G. (2003). Botswana. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 182-194). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Wondimu, H. (2003). Ethiopia. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 316-325). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Woodhall, M. (2003). Financing and economics of higher education in Africa. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 44-52). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Algeria

    Attieh, A. (2003). Algeria. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 151-161). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Angola

    de Carvalho, P., Kajibanga, V., & Heimer, F.-W. (2003). Angola. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 162-175). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Argentina

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2002). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2003). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2004). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (Spanish-language ed.). Roma, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana.

    Marquis, C. (2003). Universities and professors in Argentina: Changes and challenges. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 51-73). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Asia

    Altbach, P. G. (1997). Twisted roots: The Western impact on Asian higher education. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Comparative higher education: Knowledge, the university and development (commercial ed., pp. 37-54). Greenwich, CT: Ablex.

    Altbach, P. G. (2002). Twisted roots: The Western impact on Asian higher education. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 1-21). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Altbach, P. G. (2004). The past and future of Asian universities: Twenty-first century challenges. In P. G. Altbach & T. Umakoshi (Eds.), Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges (pp. 13-32). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Altbach, P. G., & Selvaratnam, V. (1989). From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Altbach, P. G., & Selvaratnam, V. (2002). From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G., & Umakoshi, T. (Eds.). (2004). Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Basu, A. (2002). Indian higher education: Colonialism and beyond. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 167-186). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Cummings, W. K., & Kasenda, S. (2002). The origin of modern Indonesian higher education. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 143-166). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Gonzalez, A. (2002). The Western impact on Philippine higher education. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 117-141). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Gopinathan, S. (2002). University education in Singapore: The making of a national university. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 207-224). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Hayhoe, R. (2002). China's universities and Western academic models. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 25-61). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Lee, S. H. (2002). The emergence of the modern university in Korea. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 227-256). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Nakayama, S. (2002). Independence and choice: Western impacts on japanese higher education. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 97-114). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Selvaratnam, V. (2002). Change amidst continuity: University development in Malaysia. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 187-205). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Umakoshi, T. (2004). Private higher education in Asia: Transitions and development. In P. G. Altbach & T. Umakoshi (Eds.), Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges (pp. 33-49). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Watson, K. (2002). Looking west and east: Thailand's academic development. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 63-95). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Wu, W.-H., Chen, S.-F., & Wu, C.-T. (2002). The development of higher education in Taiwan. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 257-276). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Bahrain

    Mazawi, A. E. (2003). The academic workplace in public Arab Gulf universities. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 231-269). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Benin

    Guedegbe, C. M. (2003). Benin. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 176-181). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Botswana

    Weeks, S. G. (2003). Botswana. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 182-194). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Brazil

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2002). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2003). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2004). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (Spanish-language ed.). Roma, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana.

    Balbachevsky, E., & Quinteiro, M. d. C. (2003). The changing academic workplace in Brazil. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 75-106). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Bulgaria

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2004). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (Spanish-language ed.). Roma, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana.

    Burkina-Faso

    Guenda, W. (2003). Burkina-Faso. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 195-203). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Burundi

    Shabani, J. (2003). Burundi. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 204-214). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Cambodia

    Altbach, P. G., & Umakoshi, T. (Eds.). (2004). Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Chamnan, P., & Ford, D. (2004). Cambodian higher education: Mixed visions. In P. G. Altbach & T. Umakoshi (Eds.), Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges (pp. 333-362). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Cameroon

    Njeuma, D. L. (2003). Cameroon. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 215-223). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Cape Verde

    Lobban Jr., R. A., & Leary, R. (2003). Cape Verde. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 224-228). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Central African Republic

    N'Guerekata, G. M. (2003). Central African Republic. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 229-236). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Central and Eastern Europe

    Altbach, P. G., & Peterson, P. M. (Eds.). (1999). Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response. Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Darvas, P. (1999). A regional perspective: Central and Eastern Europe. In P. G. Altbach & P. M. Peterson (Eds.), Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response (pp. 79-89). Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Chad

    Al Habo, M.-A. (2003). Chad. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 237-247). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Chile

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (commercial ed.). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (Spanish-language ed.). Mexico City, Mexico: Centro de Estudios Sobre la Universidad (UNAM).

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (Japanese-language ed.). Tokyo, Japan: Tamagawa University Press.

    González, L. E. (1999). Accreditation of higher education in Chile and Latin America. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (commercial ed., pp. 65-83). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

    China

    Altbach, P. G. (1997). Gigantic peripheries: India and China in the world knowledge system. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Comparative higher education: Knowledge, the university and development (commercial ed., pp. 133-145). Greenwich, CT: Ablex.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2002). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2003). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2004). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (Spanish-language ed.). Roma, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana.

    Altbach, P. G., & Peterson, P. M. (Eds.). (1999). Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response. Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G., & Selvaratnam, V. (1989). From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Altbach, P. G., & Selvaratnam, V. (2002). From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G., & Umakoshi, T. (Eds.). (2004). Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Chen, X. (2003). The academic profession in China. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 107-134). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Hayhoe, R. (2002). China's universities and Western academic models. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 25-61). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Min, W. (1999). Global challenges and the Chinese response. In P. G. Altbach & P. M. Peterson (Eds.), Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response (pp. 11-17). Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Min, W. (2004). Chinese higher education: The legacy of the past and the context of the future. In P. G. Altbach & T. Umakoshi (Eds.), Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges (pp. 53-83). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Comoros, Reunion, and Seychelles (Indian Ocean Islands)

    Ez-zaïm, H. (2003). Comoros, Reunion, and Seychelles (Indian Ocean Islands). In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 248-251). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Congo (Brazzaville)

    Mbemba, G. (2003). Congo (Brazzaville). In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 252-264). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Congo, Democratic Republic of (Zaire)
    Congo, Democratic Republic of (Zaire)

    Lelo, M. (2003). Congo, Democratic Republic of (Zaire). In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 265-272). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Cote d'Ivoire

    Houenou, P. V., & Houenou-Agbo, Y. (2003). Cote D'Ivoire. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 273-280). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Djibouti

    Mohamed, N., & Teferra, D. (2003). Djibouti. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 281-284). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Egypt

    Said, M. E. (2003). Egypt. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 285-300). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Equatorial Guinea

    Pomeroy, D. (2003). Equatorial Guinea. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 301-308). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Eritrea

    Rule, C. S. (2003). Eritrea. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 309-315). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Ethiopia

    Wondimu, H. (2003). Ethiopia. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 316-325). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Europe

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2000). The changing academic workplace: Comparative perspectives. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G., & Chait, R. (Eds.). (2001). Higher Education. Special issue on The changing academic workplace: Comparative perspectives (Vol. 41, Nos. 1-2). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Altbach, P. G., & Peterson, P. M. (Eds.). (1999). Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response. Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Darvas, P. (1999). A regional perspective: Central and Eastern Europe. In P. G. Altbach & P. M. Peterson (Eds.), Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response (pp. 79-89). Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Sporn, B. (1999). Current issues and future priorities for European higher education systems. In P. G. Altbach & P. M. Peterson (Eds.), Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response (pp. 67-77). Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    France

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2000). The changing academic workplace: Comparative perspectives. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G., & Chait, R. (Eds.). (2001). Higher Education. Special issue on the changing academic workplace: Comparative perspectives (Vol. 41, Nos. 1-2). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Chevaillier, T. (2001). French academics: Between the professions and the civil service. In P. G. Altbach & R. Chait (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on the changing academic workplace: Comparative perspectives (Vol. 41, Nos. 1-2, pp. 49-75). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Gabon

    Mintsa mi-Eya, V. (2003). Gabon. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 326-329). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Gambia

    Colley, K. E. (2003). Gambia. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 330-337). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Ghana

    Effah, P. (2003). Ghana. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 338-349). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Germany

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2000). The changing academic workplace: Comparative perspectives. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G., & Chait, R. (Eds.). (2001). Higher Education. Special issue on the changing academic workplace: Comparative perspectives (Vol. 41, Nos. 1-2). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Enders, J. (2001). A chair system in transition: Appointments, promotions, and gatekeeping in German higher education. In P. G. Altbach & R. Chait (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on the changing academic workplace: Comparative perspectives (Vol. 41, Nos. 1-2, pp. 3-25). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Guinea-Bissau

    Mendes, J. (2003). Guinea-Bissau. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 355-358). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Pomeroy, D. (2003). Equatorial Guinea. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 301-308). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Sylla, S., with Ez-zaïm, H., & Teferra, D. (2003). Guinea. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 350-354). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Hungary

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (commercial ed.). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (Spanish-language ed.). Mexico City, Mexico: Centro de Estudios Sobre la Universidad (UNAM).

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (Japanese-language ed.). Tokyo, Japan: Tamagawa University Press.

    Nagy-Darvas, J., & Darvas, P. (1999). Private higher education in Hungary: The market influences the university. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (commercial ed., pp. 161-180). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

    India

    Altbach, P. G. (1997). Gigantic peripheries: India and China in the world knowledge system. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Comparative higher education: Knowledge, the university and development (commercial ed., pp. 133-145). Greenwich, CT: Ablex.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (commercial ed.). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (Spanish-language ed.). Mexico City, Mexico: Centro de Estudios Sobre la Universidad (UNAM).

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (Japanese-language ed.). Tokyo, Japan: Tamagawa University Press.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2002). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2003). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2004). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (Spanish-language ed.). Roma, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana.

    Altbach, P. G., & Peterson, P. M. (Eds.). (1999). Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response. Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G., & Selvaratnam, V. (1989). From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Altbach, P. G., & Selvaratnam, V. (2002). From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G., & Umakoshi, T. (Eds.). (2004). Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Basu, A. (2002). Indian higher education: Colonialism and beyond. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 167-186). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Chitnis, S. (1999). The transformation of an imperial colony into an advanced nation: India in comparative perspective. In P. G. Altbach & P. M. Peterson (Eds.), Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response (pp. 19-30). Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Ez-zaiuml;m, H. (2003). Comoros, Reunion, and Seychelles (Indian Ocean Islands). In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 248-251). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Jayaram, N. (2003). The fall of the guru: The decline of the academic profession in India. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 199-230). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Jayaram, N. (2004). Higher education in India: Massification and change. In P. G. Altbach & T. Umakoshi (Eds.), Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges (pp. 85-112). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Tilak, J. B. G. (1999). Emerging trends and evolving public policies in India. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (commercial ed., pp. 113-135). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

    Indonesia

    Altbach, P. G., & Selvaratnam, V. (1989). From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Altbach, P. G., & Selvaratnam, V. (2002). From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G., & Umakoshi, T. (Eds.). (2004). Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Buchori, M., & Malik, A. (2004). The evolution of higher education in Indonesia. In P. G. Altbach & T. Umakoshi (Eds.), Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges (pp. 249-277). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Cummings, W. K., & Kasenda, S. (2002). The origin of modern Indonesian higher education. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 143-166). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Italy

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2000). The changing academic workplace: Comparative perspectives. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G., & Chait, R. (Eds.). (2001). Higher Education. Special issue on the changing academic workplace: Comparative perspectives (Vol. 41, Nos. 1-2). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Moscati, R. (2001). Italian university professors in transition. In P. G. Altbach & R. Chait (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on the changing academic workplace: Comparative perspectives (Vol. 41, Nos. 1-2, pp. 103-129). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Japan

    Altbach, P. G., & Ogawa, Y. (2002). Higher education in Japan: Reform and change in the 21st century. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G., & Ogawa, Y. (Eds.). (2002). Higher Education. Special issue on Japan: Reform and change in the 21st century (Vol. 43, No. 1). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Altbach, P. G., & Peterson, P. M. (Eds.). (1999). Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response. Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G., & Selvaratnam, V. (1989). From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Altbach, P. G., & Selvaratnam, V. (2002). From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G., & Umakoshi, T. (Eds.). (2004). Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Asonuma, A. (2002). Finance reform in Japanese higher education. In P. G. Altbach & Y. Ogawa (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on Japan: Reform and change in the 21st century (Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 109-126). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Horie, M. (2002). The internationalization of higher education in Japan in the 1990s: A reconsideration. In P. G. Altbach & Y. Ogawa (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on Japan: Reform and change in the 21st century (Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 65-84). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Itoh, A. (2002). Higher education reform in perspective: The Japanese experience. In P. G. Altbach & Y. Ogawa (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on Japan: Reform and change in the 21st century (Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 7-25). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Kaneko, M. (2004). Japanese higher education: Contemporary reform and the influence of tradition. In P. G. Altbach & T. Umakoshi (Eds.), Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges (pp. 115-143). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Mitsuta, A. (1999). Universal problems and national realities: Japan in comparative perspective. In P. G. Altbach & P. M. Peterson (Eds.), Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response (pp. 59-66). Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Mori, R. (2002). Entrance examinations and remedial education in Japanese higher education. In P. G. Altbach & Y. Ogawa (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on Japan: Reform and change in the 21st century (Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 27-42). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Murasawa, M. (2002). The future of higher education in Japan: changing the legal status of national universities. In P. G. Altbach & Y. Ogawa (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on Japan: Reform and change in the 21st century (Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 141-155). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Nakayama, S. (2002). Independence and choice: Western impacts on japanese higher education. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 97-114). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Ogawa, Y. (2002). Challenging the traditional organization of Japanese universities. In P. G. Altbach & Y. Ogawa (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on Japan: Reform and change in the 21st century (Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 85-108). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Yonezawa, A. (2002). The quality assurance system and market forces in Japanese higher education. In P. G. Altbach & Y. Ogawa (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on Japan: Reform and change in the 21st century (Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 127-139). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Yoshida, A. (2002). The curriculum reforms of the 1990s: What has changed? In P. G. Altbach & Y. Ogawa (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on Japan: Reform and change in the 21st century (Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 43-63). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Kenya

    Ngome, C. (2003). Kenya. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 359-371). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Kuwait

    Mazawi, A. E. (2003). The academic workplace in public Arab Gulf universities. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 231-269). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Latin America

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (commercial ed.). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (Spanish-language ed.). Mexico City, Mexico: Centro de Estudios Sobre la Universidad (UNAM).

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (Japanese-language ed.). Tokyo, Japan: Tamagawa University Press.

    Altbach, P. G., & Peterson, P. M. (Eds.). (1999). Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response. Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    de Mauro Castro, C., & Navarro, J. C. (1999). Will the invisible hand fix private higher education? In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (commercial ed., pp. 45-63). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

    González, L. E. (1999). Accreditation of higher education in Chile and Latin America. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (commercial ed., pp. 65-83). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

    Schwartzman, S. (1999). Latin America: National responses to world challenges in higher education. In P. G. Altbach & P. M. Peterson (Eds.), Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response (pp. 47-57). Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Lesotho

    Ntimo-Makara, M. (2003). Lesotho. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 372-380). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Liberia

    Seyon, P. L. N. (2003). Liberia. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 381-390). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Libya

    El-Hawat, A. (2003). Libya. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 391-402). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Madagascar

    Stiles, J. (2003). Madagascar. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 403-413). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Malawi

    Chimombo, J. P. A. (2003). Malawi. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 414-422). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Malaysia

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (commercial ed.). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (Spanish-language ed.). Mexico City, Mexico: Centro de Estudios Sobre la Universidad (UNAM).

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (Japanese-language ed.). Tokyo, Japan: Tamagawa University Press.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2002). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2003). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2004). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (Spanish-language ed.). Roma, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana.

    Altbach, P. G., & Selvaratnam, V. (1989). From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Altbach, P. G., & Selvaratnam, V. (2002). From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G., & Umakoshi, T. (Eds.). (2004). Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Lee, M. N. N. (1999). Corporatization, privatization, and internationalization of higher education in Malaysia. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (commercial ed., pp. 137-159). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

    Lee, M. N. N. (2003). The academic profession in Malaysia and Singapore: Between bureaucratic and corporate cultures. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 135-165). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Lee, M. N. N. (2004). Malaysian universities: Toward equality, accessibility, and quality. In P. G. Altbach & T. Umakoshi (Eds.), Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges (pp. 221-246). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Selvaratnam, V. (2002). Change amidst continuity: University development in Malaysia. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 187-205). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Mali

    Bagayoko, D., & Diawara, M. M. (2003). Mali. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 423-430). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Mauritania

    Kharchi, A. (2003). Mauritania. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 431-439). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Mauritius

    Baichoo, R., Parahoo, S. K. A., & Fagoonee, I. (2003). Mauritius. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 440-448). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Mexico

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (commercial ed.). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (Spanish-language ed.). Mexico City, Mexico: Centro de Estudios Sobre la Universidad (UNAM).

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (Japanese-language ed.). Tokyo, Japan: Tamagawa University Press.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2002). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2003). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2004). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (Spanish-language ed.). Roma, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana.

    Gil-Antón, M. (2003). Big city love: The academic workplace in Mexico. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 23-50). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Kent, R., & Ramírez, R. (1999). Private higher education in Mexico: Growth and differentiation. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (commercial ed., pp. 85-99). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

    Middle East

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2002). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2003). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2004). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (Spanish-language ed.). Roma, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana.

    Mazawi, A. E. (2003). The academic workplace in public Arab Gulf universities. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 231-269). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Morocco

    Oakrime, M. (2003). Morocco. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 449-461). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Mozambique

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    Namibia

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    The Netherlands

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    Altbach, P. G., & Chait, R. (Eds.). (2001). Higher Education. Special issue on the changing academic workplace: Comparative perspectives (Vol. 41, Nos. 1-2). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    de Weert, E. (2001). Pressures and prospects facing the academic profession in the Netherlands. In P. G. Altbach & R. Chait (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on the changing academic workplace: Comparative perspectives (Vol. 41, Nos. 1-2, pp. 77-101). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Niger

    Souley, A. N. (2003). Niger. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 487-491). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Nigeria

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    Barrow, M. I., & Ukeje, F. E. (2003). The academic workplace in a changing environment: The Nigerian scene. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 271-296). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Jibril, M. (2003). Nigeria. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 492-499). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    newly-industrialized countries (NICs)

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    Oman

    Mazawi, A. E. (2003). The academic workplace in public Arab Gulf universities. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 231-269). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    The Philippines

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    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (commercial ed.). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (Spanish-language ed.). Mexico City, Mexico: Centro de Estudios Sobre la Universidad (UNAM).

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (Japanese-language ed.). Tokyo, Japan: Tamagawa University Press.

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    Gonzalez, A. (1999). Private higher education in the Philippines: Private domination in a developing country. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (commercial ed., pp. 101-112). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

    Gonzalez, A. (2002). The Western impact on Philippine higher education. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 117-141). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Gonzalez, A. (2004). The Philippines: Past, present, and future dimensions of higher education. In P. G. Altbach & T. Umakoshi (Eds.), Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges (pp. 279-298). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Qatar

    Mazawi, A. E. (2003). The academic workplace in public Arab Gulf universities. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 231-269). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Russia

    Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2004). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (Spanish-language ed.). Roma, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana.

    Rwanda

    Mazimhaka, J., & Daniel, G. F. (2003). Rwanda. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 500-511). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Sao Tome and Principé

    Machado-Taylor, M. d. L., Pinto, L. L. V., & Taylor, J. S. (2003). Sao Tome and Principé. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 512-515). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Saudi Arabia

    Mazawi, A. E. (2003). The academic workplace in public Arab Gulf universities. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 231-269). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Senegal

    Ndiaye, H.-G. (2003). Senegal. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 516-526). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Sierra Leone

    Kandeh, J. B. A., Dugba, T. M., & Pessima, J. L. (2003). Sierra Leone. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 527-535). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Singapore

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    Gopinathan, S. (2002). University education in Singapore: The making of a national university. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 207-224). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Lee, M. N. N. (2003). The academic profession in Malaysia and Singapore: Between bureaucratic and corporate cultures. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 135-165). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Tan, J. (2004). Singapore: Small nation, big plans. In P. G. Altbach & T. Umakoshi (Eds.), Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges (pp. 175-197). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Somalia

    Nur-Awaleh, M. (2003). Somalia. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 536-544). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    South Africa

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    Altbach, P. G., & Peterson, P. M. (Eds.). (1999). Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response. Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Badsha, N. (1999). South Africa: Future prospects. In P. G. Altbach & P. M. Peterson (Eds.), Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response (pp. 39-45). Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Koen, C. (2003). Challenges and pressures facing the academic profession in South Africa. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 297-324). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Subotzky, G. (2003). South Africa. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 545-562). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    South Korea

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    Altbach, P. G., & Selvaratnam, V. (2002). From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

    Altbach, P. G., & Umakoshi, T. (Eds.). (2004). Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Lee, S. H. (2002). The emergence of the modern university in Korea. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 227-256). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

    Lee, S. H. (2003). The changing academic workplace in Korea. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 167-198). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Lee, S. H. (2004). Korean higher education: History and future challenges. In P. G. Altbach & T. Umakoshi (Eds.), Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges (pp. 145-173). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.