Al Habo, M.-A. (2003). Chad. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 237-247). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Altbach, P. G. (1997). The American academic model in comparative perspective. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Comparative higher education: Knowledge, the university and development (commercial ed., pp. 55-71). Greenwich, CT: Ablex.

Altbach, P. G. (1997). Comparative higher education: Knowledge, the university and development (Asian ed.). Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Centre, University of Hong Kong.

Altbach, P. G. (1997). Comparative higher education: Knowledge, the university and development (commercial ed.). Greenwich, CT: Ablex.

Altbach, P. G. (1997). Comparative higher education: Knowledge, the university and development (Japanese-language ed.). Tokyo, Japan: Tamagawa University Press.

Altbach, P. G. (1997). Comparative higher education: Knowledge, the university and development (Chinese-language ed.). Beijing, China: People's Education Press.

Altbach, P. G. (1997). Comparative higher education: Knowledge, the university and development. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

Altbach, P. G. (1997). The foreign student dilemma. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Comparative higher education: Knowledge, the university and development (commercial ed., pp. 161-176). Greenwich, CT: Ablex.

Altbach, P. G. (1997). Gigantic peripheries: India and China in the world knowledge system. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Comparative higher education: Knowledge, the university and development (commercial ed., pp. 133-145). Greenwich, CT: Ablex.

Altbach, P. G. (1997). Higher education and scientific development in the NICS. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Comparative higher education: Knowledge, the university and development (commercial ed., pp. 197-218). Greenwich, CT: Ablex.

Altbach, P. G. (1997). Higher education, democracy, and development: Implications for newly industrialized countries. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Comparative higher education: Knowledge, the university and development (commercial ed., pp. 179-195). Greenwich, CT: Ablex.

Altbach, P. G. (1997). An international academic crisis? The American professoriate in comparative perspective. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Comparative higher education: Knowledge, the university and development (commercial ed., pp. 75-91). Greenwich, CT: Ablex.

Altbach, P. G. (1997). The new internationalism: Foreign students and scholars. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Comparative higher education: Knowledge, the university and development (commercial ed., pp. 147-159). Greenwich, CT: Ablex.

Altbach, P. G. (1997). Patterns in higher education development. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Comparative higher education: Knowledge, the university and development (commercial ed., pp. 3-18). Greenwich, CT: Ablex.

Altbach, P. G. (1997). Professors and politics: An international perspective. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Comparative higher education: Knowledge, the university and development (commercial ed., pp. 93-102). Greenwich, CT: Ablex.

Altbach, P. G. (1997). Student political activism. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Comparative higher education: Knowledge, the university and development (commercial ed., pp. 103-116). Greenwich, CT: Ablex.

Altbach, P. G. (1997). Student politics in the Third World. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Comparative higher education: Knowledge, the university and development (commercial ed., pp. 117-130). Greenwich, CT: Ablex.

Altbach, P. G. (1997). Twisted roots: The Western impact on Asian higher education. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Comparative higher education: Knowledge, the university and development (commercial ed., pp. 37-54). Greenwich, CT: Ablex.

Altbach, P. G. (1997). The university as center and periphery. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Comparative higher education: Knowledge, the university and development (commercial ed., pp. 19-36). Greenwich, CT: Ablex.

Altbach, P. G. (1999). Comparative perspectives on private higher education. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (commercial ed., pp. 1-14). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (commercial ed.). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (Spanish-language ed.). Mexico City, Mexico: Centro de Estudios Sobre la Universidad (UNAM).

Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (1999). Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (Japanese-language ed.). Tokyo, Japan: Tamagawa University Press.

Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2000). The changing academic workplace: Comparative perspectives. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

Altbach, P. G. (2000). Research and training in higher education: The state of the art. In P. G. Altbach & D. Engberg (Eds.), Higher education: A worldwide inventory of centers and programs (pp. 1-25). Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

Altbach, P. G. (2001). Academic freedom: International realities and challenges. In P. G. Altbach & R. Chait (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on the changing academic workplace: Comparative perspectives (Vol. 41, Nos. 1-2, pp. 205-219). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2002). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

Altbach, P. G. (2002). Twisted roots: The Western impact on Asian higher education. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 1-21). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Altbach, P. G. (2003). African higher education and the world. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 143-148). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Altbach, P. G. (2003). Centers and peripheries in the academic profession: The special challenges of developing countries. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 1-21). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2003). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Altbach, P. G. (Ed.). (2004). The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (Spanish-language ed.). Roma, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana.

Altbach, P. G. (2004). The past and future of Asian universities: Twenty-first century challenges. In P. G. Altbach & T. Umakoshi (Eds.), Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges (pp. 13-32). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Altbach, P. G., & Chait, R. (Eds.). (2001). Higher Education. Special issue on the changing academic workplace: Comparative perspectives (Vol. 41, Nos. 1-2). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Altbach, P. G., & Davis, T. M. (1999). Global challenge and national response: Notes for an international dialogue on higher education. In P. G. Altbach & P. M. Peterson (Eds.), Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response (pp. 3-10). Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

Altbach, P. G., & Engberg, D. (2000). Higher education: A worldwide inventory of centers and programs. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

Altbach, P. G., & Engberg, D. (2000). Higher education: A worldwide inventory of centers and programs (commercial ed.). Phoenix, AZ: Oryx.

Altbach, P. G., & Ogawa, Y. (2002). Higher education in Japan: Reform and change in the 21st century. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

Altbach, P. G., & Ogawa, Y. (Eds.). (2002). Higher Education. Special issue on Japan: Reform and change in the 21st century (Vol. 43, No. 1). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Altbach, P. G., & Peterson, P. M. (Eds.). (1999). Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response. Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

Altbach, P. G., & Selvaratnam, V. (1989). From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Altbach, P. G., & Selvaratnam, V. (2002). From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

Altbach, P. G., & Umakoshi, T. (Eds.). (2004). Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Askling, B. (2001). Higher education and academic staff in a period of policy and system change. In P. G. Altbach & R. Chait (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on the changing academic workplace: Comparative perspectives (Vol. 41, Nos. 1-2, pp. 157-181). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Asonuma, A. (2002). Finance reform in Japanese higher education. In P. G. Altbach & Y. Ogawa (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on Japan: Reform and change in the 21st century (Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 109-126). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Attieh, A. (2003). Algeria. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 151-161). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Badsha, N. (1999). South Africa: Future prospects. In P. G. Altbach & P. M. Peterson (Eds.), Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response (pp. 39-45). Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

Bagayoko, D., & Diawara, M. M. (2003). Mali. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 423-430). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Baichoo, R., Parahoo, S. K. A., & Fagoonee, I. (2003). Mauritius. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 440-448). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Balbachevsky, E., & Quinteiro, M. d. C. (2003). The changing academic workplace in Brazil. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 75-106). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Barrow, M. I., & Ukeje, F. E. (2003). The academic workplace in a changing environment: The Nigerian scene. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 271-296). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Basu, A. (2002). Indian higher education: Colonialism and beyond. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 167-186). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Booth, M. Z. (2003). Swaziland. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 574-582). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Buchori, M., & Malik, A. (2004). The evolution of higher education in Indonesia. In P. G. Altbach & T. Umakoshi (Eds.), Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges (pp. 249-277). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Chamnan, P., & Ford, D. (2004). Cambodian higher education: Mixed visions. In P. G. Altbach & T. Umakoshi (Eds.), Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges (pp. 333-362). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Chen, X. (2003). The academic profession in China. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 107-134). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Chevaillier, T. (2001). French academics: Between the professions and the civil service. In P. G. Altbach & R. Chait (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on the changing academic workplace: Comparative perspectives (Vol. 41, Nos. 1-2, pp. 49-75). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Chilundo, A. (2003). Mozambique. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 462-475). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Chimombo, J. P. A. (2003). Malawi. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 414-422). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Chitnis, S. (1999). The transformation of an imperial colony into an advanced nation: India in comparative perspective. In P. G. Altbach & P. M. Peterson (Eds.), Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response (pp. 19-30). Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

Colley, K. E. (2003). Gambia. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 330-337). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Cummings, W. K., & Kasenda, S. (2002). The origin of modern Indonesian higher education. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 143-166). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Darvas, P. (1999). A regional perspective: Central and Eastern Europe. In P. G. Altbach & P. M. Peterson (Eds.), Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response (pp. 79-89). Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

de Carvalho, P., Kajibanga, V., & Heimer, F.-W. (2003). Angola. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 162-175). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

de Mauro Castro, C., & Navarro, J. C. (1999). Will the invisible hand fix private higher education? In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (commercial ed., pp. 45-63). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

de Weert, E. (2001). Pressures and prospects facing the academic profession in the Netherlands. In P. G. Altbach & R. Chait (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on the changing academic workplace: Comparative perspectives (Vol. 41, Nos. 1-2, pp. 77-101). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Effah, P. (2003). Ghana. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 338-349). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

El Tom, M. E. A. (2003). Sudan. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 563-573). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

El-Hawat, A. (2003). Libya. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 391-402). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Emmanuel, E. A. B. K. M. (2003). Togo. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 595-600). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Enders, J. (2001). A chair system in transition: Appointments, promotions, and gatekeeping in German higher education. In P. G. Altbach & R. Chait (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on the changing academic workplace: Comparative perspectives (Vol. 41, Nos. 1-2, pp. 3-25). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Eshiwani, G. S. (1999). Higher education in Africa: Challenges and strategies for the 21st century. In P. G. Altbach & P. M. Peterson (Eds.), Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response (pp. 31-38). Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

Ez-zaïm, H. (2003). Comoros, Reunion, and Seychelles (Indian Ocean Islands). In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 248-251). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Fehnel, R. (2003). Massification and future trends in African higher education. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 73-81). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Gil-Antón, M. (2003). Big city love: The academic workplace in Mexico. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 23-50). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Gonzalez, A. (1999). Private higher education in the Philippines: Private domination in a developing country. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (commercial ed., pp. 101-112). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

Gonzalez, A. (2002). The Western impact on Philippine higher education. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 117-141). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Gonzalez, A. (2004). The Philippines: Past, present, and future dimensions of higher education. In P. G. Altbach & T. Umakoshi (Eds.), Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges (pp. 279-298). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

González, L. E. (1999). Accreditation of higher education in Chile and Latin America. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (commercial ed., pp. 65-83). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

Gopinathan, S. (2002). University education in Singapore: The making of a national university. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 207-224). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Gorostiaga, S. J., Xabier. (1999). In search of the missing link between education and development. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (commercial ed., pp. 181-209). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

Guedegbe, C. M. (2003). Benin. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 176-181). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Guenda, W. (2003). Burkina-Faso. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 195-203). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Hayhoe, R. (2002). China's universities and Western academic models. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 25-61). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Honan, J. P., & Teferra, D. (2001). The U.S. academic profession: Key policy challenges. In P. G. Altbach & R. Chait (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on the changing academic workplace: Comparative perspectives (Vol. 41, Nos. 1-2, pp. 183-203). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Horie, M. (2002). The internationalization of higher education in Japan in the 1990s: A reconsideration. In P. G. Altbach & Y. Ogawa (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on Japan: Reform and change in the 21st century (Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 65-84). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Houenou, P. V., & Houenou-Agbo, Y. (2003). Cote D'Ivoire. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 273-280). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Huong, P. L., & Fry, G. W. (2004). Universities in Vietnam: Legacies, challenges, and prospects. In P. G. Altbach & T. Umakoshi (Eds.), Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges (pp. 301-331). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Ilon, L. (2003). Foreign aid financing of higher education in Africa. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 61-72). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Itoh, A. (2002). Higher education reform in perspective: The Japanese experience. In P. G. Altbach & Y. Ogawa (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on Japan: Reform and change in the 21st century (Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 7-25). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Jayaram, N. (2003). The fall of the guru: The decline of the academic profession in India. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 199-230). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Jayaram, N. (2004). Higher education in India: Massification and change. In P. G. Altbach & T. Umakoshi (Eds.), Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges (pp. 85-112). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Jibril, M. (2003). Nigeria. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 492-499). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Kandeh, J. B. A., Dugba, T. M., & Pessima, J. L. (2003). Sierra Leone. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 527-535). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Kaneko, M. (2004). Japanese higher education: Contemporary reform and the influence of tradition. In P. G. Altbach & T. Umakoshi (Eds.), Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges (pp. 115-143). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Kent, R., & Ramírez, R. (1999). Private higher education in Mexico: Growth and differentiation. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (commercial ed., pp. 85-99). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

Kharchi, A. (2003). Mauritania. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 431-439). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Koen, C. (2003). Challenges and pressures facing the academic profession in South Africa. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 297-324). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Lee, M. N. N. (1999). Corporatization, privatization, and internationalization of higher education in Malaysia. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (commercial ed., pp. 137-159). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

Lee, M. N. N. (2003). The academic profession in Malaysia and Singapore: Between bureaucratic and corporate cultures. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 135-165). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Lee, M. N. N. (2004). Malaysian universities: Toward equality, accessibility, and quality. In P. G. Altbach & T. Umakoshi (Eds.), Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges (pp. 221-246). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Lee, S. H. (2002). The emergence of the modern university in Korea. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 227-256). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Lee, S. H. (2003). The changing academic workplace in Korea. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 167-198). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Lee, S. H. (2004). Korean higher education: History and future challenges. In P. G. Altbach & T. Umakoshi (Eds.), Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges (pp. 145-173). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Lelo, M. (2003). Congo, Democratic Republic of (Zaire). In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 265-272). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Levy, D. C. (1999). When private higher education does not bring organizational diversity. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (commercial ed., pp. 15-43). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

Lobban Jr., R. A., & Leary, R. (2003). Cape Verde. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 224-228). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Lulat, Y. G.-M. (2003). The development of higher education in Africa: A historical survey. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 15-31). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Lulat, Y. G.-M. (2003). Zambia. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 624-635). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Machado-Taylor, M. d. L., Pinto, L. L. V., & Taylor, J. S. (2003). Sao Tome and Princip?. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 512-515). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Maldonado, A. (2004). Private higher education: Trends in research. In A. Maldonado & Y. Cao & P. G. Altbach & D. C. Levy & H. Zhu (Eds.), Private higher education: An international bibliography (pp. 1-24). Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College and PROPHE, University at Albany-State University of New York.

Maldonado, A., Cao, Y., Altbach, P. G., Levy, D. C., & Zhu, H. (Eds.). (2004). Private higher education: An international bibliography. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College and PROPHE, University at Albany-State University of New York.

Maldonado, A., Cao, Y., Altbach, P. G., Levy, D. C., & Zhu, H. (Eds.). (2004). Private higher education: An international bibliography (commercial ed.). Westport, CT: Information Age.

Marquis, C. (2003). Universities and professors in Argentina: Changes and challenges. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 51-73). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Maunde, R. (2003). Zimbabwe. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 636-648). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Mazawi, A. E. (2003). The academic workplace in public Arab Gulf universities. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), The decline of the guru: The academic profession in developing and middle-income countries (commercial ed., pp. 231-269). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Mazimhaka, J., & Daniel, G. F. (2003). Rwanda. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 500-511). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Mbemba, G. (2003). Congo (Brazzaville). In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 252-264). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Mendes, J. (2003). Guinea-Bissau. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 355-358). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Millot, B., Waite, J., & Zaiem, H. (2003). Tunisia. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 601-610). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Min, W. (1999). Global challenges and the Chinese response. In P. G. Altbach & P. M. Peterson (Eds.), Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response (pp. 11-17). Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

Min, W. (2004). Chinese higher education: The legacy of the past and the context of the future. In P. G. Altbach & T. Umakoshi (Eds.), Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges (pp. 53-83). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Mintsa mi-Eya, V. (2003). Gabon. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 326-329). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Mitsuta, A. (1999). Universal problems and national realities: Japan in comparative perspective. In P. G. Altbach & P. M. Peterson (Eds.), Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response (pp. 59-66). Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

Mkude, D., & Cooksey, B. (2003). Tanzania. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 583-594). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Mohamed, N., & Teferra, D. (2003). Djibouti. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 281-284). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Mora, J.-G. (2001). The academic profession in Spain: Between the civil service and the market. In P. G. Altbach & R. Chait (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on the changing academic workplace: Comparative perspectives (Vol. 41, Nos. 1-2, pp. 131-155). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Mori, R. (2002). Entrance examinations and remedial education in Japanese higher education. In P. G. Altbach & Y. Ogawa (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on Japan: Reform and change in the 21st century (Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 27-42). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Moscati, R. (2001). Italian university professors in transition. In P. G. Altbach & R. Chait (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on the changing academic workplace: Comparative perspectives (Vol. 41, Nos. 1-2, pp. 103-129). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Munene, I. (2003). Student activism in African higher education. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 117-127). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Murasawa, M. (2002). The future of higher education in Japan: changing the legal status of national universities. In P. G. Altbach & Y. Ogawa (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on Japan: Reform and change in the 21st century (Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 141-155). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Musisi, N. B. (2003). Uganda. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 611-623). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Mwiria, K. (2003). University governance and university-state relations. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 32-43). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

N'Guerekata, G. M. (2003). Central African Republic. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 229-236). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Nagy-Darvas, J., & Darvas, P. (1999). Private higher education in Hungary: The market influences the university. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (commercial ed., pp. 161-180). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

Nakayama, S. (2002). Independence and choice: Western impacts on japanese higher education. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 97-114). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Ndiaye, H.-G. (2003). Senegal. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 516-526). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Ngome, C. (2003). Kenya. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 359-371). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Njeuma, D. L. (2003). Cameroon. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 215-223). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Ntimo-Makara, M. (2003). Lesotho. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 372-380). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Nur-Awaleh, M. (2003). Somalia. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 536-544). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Oakrime, M. (2003). Morocco. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 449-461). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Ogawa, Y. (2002). Challenging the traditional organization of Japanese universities. In P. G. Altbach & Y. Ogawa (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on Japan: Reform and change in the 21st century (Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 85-108). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Otaala, B. (2003). Namibia. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 476-486). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Pomeroy, D. (2003). Equatorial Guinea. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 301-308). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Purcell, F. B., Helms, R. M., & Rumbley, L. E. (2004). Women's universities and colleges: An international handbook. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

Rathgeber, E. M. (2003). Women in universities and university-educated women: The current situation in Africa. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 82-92). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Rule, C. S. (2003). Eritrea. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 309-315). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Said, M. E. (2003). Egypt. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 285-300). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Saint, W. (2003). Tertiary distance education and technology in sub-Saharan Africa. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 93-110). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Schwartzman, S. (1999). Latin America: National responses to world challenges in higher education. In P. G. Altbach & P. M. Peterson (Eds.), Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response (pp. 47-57). Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

Selvaratnam, V. (2002). Change amidst continuity: University development in Malaysia. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 187-205). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Seyon, P. L. N. (2003). Liberia. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 381-390). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Shabani, J. (2003). Burundi. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 204-214). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Shattock, M. (2001). The academic profession in Britain: A study in the failure to adapt to change. In P. G. Altbach & R. Chait (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on the changing academic workplace: Comparative perspectives (Vol. 41, Nos. 1-2, pp. 27-47). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Sinlarat, P. (2004). Thai universities: Past, present, and future. In P. G. Altbach & T. Umakoshi (Eds.), Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges (pp. 201-219). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Souley, A. N. (2003). Niger. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 487-491). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Sporn, B. (1999). Current issues and future priorities for European higher education systems. In P. G. Altbach & P. M. Peterson (Eds.), Higher education in the 21st century: Global challenge and national response (pp. 67-77). Annapolis Junction, MD: Institute of International Education and the Center for International Higher Education, Boston College.

Stiles, J. (2003). Madagascar. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 403-413). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Subotzky, G. (2003). South Africa. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 545-562). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Sylla, S., with Ez-zaïm, H., & Teferra, D. (2003). Guinea. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 350-354). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Tan, J. (2004). Singapore: Small nation, big plans. In P. G. Altbach & T. Umakoshi (Eds.), Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges (pp. 175-197). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Teferra, D. (2003). The language predicament in African universities. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 111-116). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Teferra, D. (2003). Scientific communication and research in African universities: Challenges and opportunities in the twenty-first century. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 128-142). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Teferra, D., & Altbach, P. G. (2003). African higher education: An international reference handbook. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Teferra, D., & Altbach, P. G. (2003). Trends and perspectives in African higher education. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 3-14). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Thaver, B. (2003). Private higher education in Africa: Six country case studies. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 53-60). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Tilak, J. B. G. (1999). Emerging trends and evolving public policies in India. In P. G. Altbach (Ed.), Private Prometheus: Private higher education and development in the 21st century (commercial ed., pp. 113-135). Westport, CT: Greenwood.

Umakoshi, T. (2004). Private higher education in Asia: Transitions and development. In P. G. Altbach & T. Umakoshi (Eds.), Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges (pp. 33-49). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Watson, K. (2002). Looking west and east: Thailand's academic development. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 63-95). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Weeks, S. G. (2003). Botswana. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 182-194). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Wondimu, H. (2003). Ethiopia. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 316-325). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Woodhall, M. (2003). Financing and economics of higher education in Africa. In D. Teferra & P. G. Altbach (Eds.), African higher education: An international reference handbook (pp. 44-52). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Wu, W.-H., Chen, S.-F., & Wu, C.-T. (2002). The development of higher education in Taiwan. In P. G. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds.), From dependence to autonomy: The development of Asian universities (commercial ed., pp. 257-276). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Yonezawa, A. (2002). The quality assurance system and market forces in Japanese higher education. In P. G. Altbach & Y. Ogawa (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on Japan: Reform and change in the 21st century (Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 127-139). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Yoshida, A. (2002). The curriculum reforms of the 1990s: What has changed? In P. G. Altbach & Y. Ogawa (Eds.), Higher Education. Special issue on Japan: Reform and change in the 21st century (Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 43-63). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.