Inside Academia: New Challenges for the Academic Profession, edited by Peter A. M. Maassen and Frans A. Van Vught. Utrecht, the Netherlands: De Tijdstroom, 1996. 324 pp. ISBN 90-352-1800-0. Address: De Tijdstroom, POB 19135, 3501 DC Utrecht, the Netherlands.

This book is divided into three parts. The first deals with the academic profession itself, the second with issues of governance as they affect the professoriate, and the final section with quality and quality assessment in higher education. The focus of the book is on Western Europe, although there is a chapter on university accountability in the United States (by Martin Trow) and a discussion of governance in Australian higher education. There are several chapters on institutional governance and management and the role of the academic profession. Two chapters, by Roger Dillemans and Ulrich Teichler, deal directly with the academic profession itself. (PGA)

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Structure and Financing of Higher Education in Russia, Ukraine and the EU, edited by Paul Hare. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 1997. 222 pp. $34.95 (paperback). ISBN 1-853024422. Address: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 116 Pentonville Rd., London N1 9JB, England.

A series of studies of patterns of funding in higher education in Russia, Germany, Ukraine, and Britain, this volume, at least in the chapters on Russia and Ukraine, provides new information on and analysis of countries about which there is little available. Editor Paul Hare provides a well-rounded introductory chapter that provides a conceptual framework for understanding higher education in Russia and Ukraine. (PGA)

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The Calling of Education: The Academic Ethic and Other Essays on Higher Education, by Edward Shils (Edited and with an introduction by Steven Grosby). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997. 312 pp. $40 (cloth), $14.95 (paper). ISBN 0-226-75339-5. Address: University of Chicago Press, 5801 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, and The Order of Learning: Essays on the Contemporary University, by Edward Shils (Edited and with an introduction by Philip G. Altbach). New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 1997. 376 pp. ISBN 1-56000-298-2. Address: Transaction Publishers, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N.J. 08903.

Edward Shils, who died in 1995, wrote extensively on higher education over a period of more than a half-century. He was founding editor of Minerva, one of the most important journals dealing with higher education and science policy. The essays in these two complementary volumes constitute many of his most influential contributions to the understanding the modern university. Shils deals with such central issues as autonomy and accountability, the role of academic freedom, the "calling" of the academic profession, the development of the research idea in higher education, and the role of the university in a democratic society. Shils is a strong defender of the traditional university ideal, and his work has special relevance at a time when academic values are being questioned. (PGA)

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Academic Duty, by Donald Kennedy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997. 310 pp. $29.95. ISBN 0-674-00222-9. Address: Harvard University Press, Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138.

Former Stanford University president Donald Kennedy's book combines his reflections after more than two decades of senior academic administration on the contemporary American university. The chapter titles outline the main topics--the role of teaching, mentoring, service to the university, publishing, and so on. This book reflects the realities at top-tier institutions such as Stanford, and in this respect is similar to Henry Rosovsky's The University: An Owner's Manual. The concerns of these institutions and their faculties are somewhat unique, but many of the issues discussed have wide relevance. The theme is the obligation of the university for teaching, research, and service to society, but some of the most interesting parts are discussions of issues such as scientific misconduct, curricular reform and multicultural issues, and Kennedy's own problems, while Stanford president, with an investigation by the federal government of Stanford's use of federal research funds for nonresearch purposes. Kennedy's discussion of scientific misconduct is illustrative. While decrying the growing number of cases of misuse of data and related issues, and arguing that this trend harms the reputation of higher education, he points to several cases where accusations of misconduct were false and damaged the reputations of innocent researchers. Academic Duty is engagingly written--a thoughtful discussion by an author who has served in the trenches of academic warfare in the late 20th century. (PGA)

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Higher Education in Transition: A History of American Colleges and Universities (fourth edition), by John S. Brubacher and Willis Rudy. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1997. 564 pp. ISBN 1-56000-917-9. Address: Transaction Publishers, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N.J. 08903.

Originally published in 1958, this classic volume is--along with Frederick Rudolph's The American College and University: A History--a standard text in the field. The authors have provided two new chapters to bring the historical analysis up to date. The book is organized chronologically, with chapters on the colonial college, 19th-century innovations in the colonial college, the rise of universities in the 19th century, and higher education in the 20th century. (PGA)

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Higher Education and Work, edited by John Brennan, Maurice Kogan, and Ulrich Teichler. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 1996. 263 pp. ISBN 1-85302-537-2. Address: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 116 Pentonville Rd., London N1 9JB, England.

The relationship between higher education and the employment market is a central topic in current higher education debates. This book brings together perspectives from a variety of European countries. Chapters deal with such subjects as the employment situation of British, German, and Italian university graduates, career patterns of the 1960s generation of Finnish university graduates, and a study predicting the future labor market for scientists in France. These case studies provide very useful insights into the complex relationship between academic work and employment. A introductory overview by John Brennan, Maurice Kogan, and Ulrich Teichler provides a conceptual framework. (PGA)

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Academic Mobility in a Changing World: Regional and Global Trends, edited by Peggy Blumenthal, Craufurd Goodwin, Alan Smith, and Ulrich Teichler. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 1996. 407 pp. ISBN 1-85302-545-3. Address: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 116 Pentonville Rd., London N1 9JB, England.

Academic mobility--the cross-border traffic of students and professors--is a topic of growing importance worldwide. Perhaps one million students now study outside their home countries. The European Union has put into place a number of programs to encourage mobility within EU countries. This book provides a worldwide overview of mobility issues, with chapters on such countries as the United States, Russia, Brazil, the Arab region, Japan and the Pacific Rim, Canada, and others. There are also several overview chapters dealing with broader issues of academic exchange and mobility. (PGA)

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A is for Admission: The Insider's Guide to Getting into the Ivy League and Other Top Colleges, by Michele A. Hernandez. New York: Warner Books, 1997. 266 pp. $24. ISBN 0-446-52319-4. Address: Warner Books, 1271 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020.

This book, which has received some notoriety in the United States, is an "inside" discussion of the admissions process in the top American universities and colleges, using Dartmouth as a case study. Aimed at a popular audience, the book discusses the entire range of admissions issues from the perspective of a person who has worked in admissions. Such topics as standardized tests, interviews, athletic recruitment, the processes of the admissions office itself, as well as others are considered. While dealing only with the United States, and only with the top, highly selective institutions, this book is nonetheless of some interest to an international audience. (PGA)

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Fitting Form to Function: A Primer on the Organization of Academic Institutions, by Rudolph H. Weingartner. Phoenix, Arizona: Oryx Press, 1996. 125 pp. $29.95. ISBN 1-53756-0227. Address: Oryx Press, 4041 N. Central Ave., Phoenix, AZ 85012.

This volume, part of the American Council on Education's series on higher education, focuses on the organization of the contemporary American university. Chapters are devoted to the role of the president, the central administration and the faculty, the office of dean, the role of chief academic officer, and the department chairperson. This is not a theoretical volume, but rather one based on the reflections of its author, a philosopher with long experience at many levels of academic administration. It is a useful primer on academic organization and might be of special interest to readers wishing to understand how the American academic system works. (PGA)