Encryption Related Links

LEGISLATION

Encrypted Communications Privacy Act of 1997, S. 376, 105th Cong (ECPA II). Promotion of Commerce On-Line in the Digital Era (Pro-CODE) Act of 1997, S. 377, 105th Cong. Secure Public Networks Act, S. 909, 105th Cong. (McCain-Kerrey Bill). Security and Freedom through Encryption (SAFE) Act of 1997, H.R. 695, 105th Cong. (all versions). Security and Freedom through Encryption Act - Adobe Acrobat Portable Document Format (.pdf) - Note: For viewing the SAFE act and the various amendments, the Acrobat version is strongly recommended as the various amendments and changes in text are clearly indicated in various type styles. In the HTML version, sorting out what text applies to each committee can be quite difficult. For reference, the type styles in the PDF version are as follows: Strike-through Original SAFE bill Italics Judiciary Committee substitute amendment Bold International Relations Committee substitute amendment [Struck through in bold brackets] Text of original SAFE bill deleted by National Security Committee Bold Italic Amendments to original SAFE bill added by National Security Committee [[Bold with double bold brackets]] Intelligence Committee substitute amendment (Bold italic with bold parenthesis) Commerce Committee substitute amendment

LEGISLATIVE HISTORY AND CONGRESSIONAL STATEMENTS

H.R. Rep No. 105-108, pts. 1-5 (1997) (House Committee Reports on SAFE by all five committees). Statement of Sen. Lott on Encryption, 143 Cong. Rec. S10,879-81 (daily ed. Oct. 21, 1997).

INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS ON ENCRYPTION

Communication of the European Commission: Towards A European Framework for Digital Signatures And Encryption, COM(97)503 final.

JUDICIAL DECISIONS

Decisions on Encryption Bernstein v. U.S. Department Of State, No. C-95-0582 (N.D.Cal. Aug. 25, 1997) (district court decision). Bernstein v. U.S. case archives, courtesy of the Electronic Frontier Foundation. Other Relevant Cases Reno v. ACLU, No. 96-511, bench op. (U.S. June 26,1997). New York Times v. U.S., 403 U.S. 713.

LAW ENFORCEMENT/ANTI-ENCRYPTION INFORMATION

Statement of FBI Director Louis J. Freeh on Threats to U.S. National Security Federal Bureau of Investigations National Security Agency

PRO-ENCRYPTION NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS

Center for Democracy and Technology: Cryptography Policy Issues Page Electronic Frontier Foundation: What's Hot in Cryptography Electronic Privacy Information Center: Encryption Cryptography Resources - WWW.CRYPTO.COM

ENCRYPTION VENDORS

Empassy Information Page Wave Systems Hewlett-Packard Cryptography Research, Inc. Advanced Wireless Technologies, Inc.

INFORMATION ABOUT PURCHASING OR DOWNLOADING PGP

Pretty Good Privacy, Inc. PGP Freeware - downloadable from within the United States. Courtesy of MIT

INFORMATION ABOUT THE DESCRACKER

DES Cracker Info Page at EFF Cracking DES: Secrets of Encryption Research, Wiretap Politics & Chip Design [book on the project - on-line purchase and info]

PRESS

The Washington Post: Encryption

FORUM COVERAGE

Ranjit S. Mathoda, The Changing Face of Encryption: Embassy and Industry, 1998 B.C. Intell. Prop. & Tech. F. 112501 (Nov. 25, 1998). Adam White Scoville, FBI Officially Urges Mandatory Domestic Key Recovery, Says Freeh to Senate Committee, 1998 B.C. Intell. Prop. & Tech. F. 021301 (Feb. 13, 1998). Adam White Scoville, Not Quite Cryptus Horribilis: 1997's Developments in the Encryption Debate Have Pushed Sides Further Apart, 1998 B.C. Intell. Prop. & Tech. F. 011401 (Jan. 14, 1998). Adam White Scoville, Executive Order Claims to Begin Relaxation of Encryption Controls, 1996 B.C. Intell. Prop. & Tech. F. 120902 (Dec. 9, 1996). [REGARDING TRANSFER OF ENCRYPTION EXPORT JURISDICTION TO COMMERCE DEPARTMENT] Comparison Matrix for Bills Relaxing Encryption Restrictions Comparison Matrix for Bills Increasing Restrictions on Encryption