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Student Publications Homepage
ARTICLE CONTENTS
[Pages 631-706]
TOP OF ARTICLE
Introduction
I. Foundation of the Environmental Justice Movement
A. Pursuing Environmental Justice: Origins and Definitions
B. The Range of Legal Strategies Attempted in Permit Siting Cases
1. Causes of Action Under Environmental Statutes
2. Common Law Tort Causes of Action
3. Constitutional Causes of Action
4. Other Civil Rights Causes of Action
II. Application of Title VI in Environmental Justice Siting Cases
A. Title VI, Sections 601 and 602: Discriminatory Intent Versus Discriminatory Effect
B. Section 602 and EPA’s Disparate Impact Enforcement
1. EPA’s Interim Guidance: A Blueprint for Processing Complaints
2. The Interim Guidance as Applied: An Effective Tool?
a. The Shintech Saga
b. The Select Steel Case
c. Responses to Select Steel
III. Section 602 As a Private Right of Action
A. The Factual and Procedural Background of Chester
B. CRCQL’s Third Circuit Appeal
C. The Supreme Court Appeal
IV. The Parameters, Efficacy, and Unanswered Questions of Private Disparate Impact Litigation Under Title VI
A. Standing
B. Exploring the Procedure and Standards of a Title VI Lawsuit
1. The Burden of Proof
2. The Elements of the Prima Facie Case: “Disparity” and “Impact”
3. The Defendant’s Rebuttal
4. Less Discriminatory Alternative
C. Remedies and Appropriate Relief
Conclusion
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