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Student Publications Homepage
ARTICLE CONTENTS
[Pages 341-390]
TOP OF ARTICLE
Introduction
I. The Neurotoxicity Hypothesis
A. Introduction
B. Measuring Neurotoxicity
1. Lead
2. Manganese
3. Other Neurotoxic Metals
4. Other Potentially Toxic Elements
C. Related Concerns
D. The Connection Between Neurotoxic Contamination and Crime
1. Individual Criminal Liability
2. Mens Rea and Criminal Liability for Environmental Discharges of Toxic Substances
II. Federal Environmental Law and the Neurotoxicity Hypothesis
A. Criminal Provisions of Major Federal Environmental Statutes
1. Clean Water Act
a. Statutory Scope
b. Interpretation and the Neurotoxicity Hypothesis
i. The Problem of Criminal Intent
ii. Standards of Intent and the Neurotoxicity Hypothesis
B. Civil Penalties
1. Clean Water Act
a. Statutory Scope
b. Interpretation and the Neurotoxicity Hypothesis
c. L.E.A.D. Group of Berks v. Exide Corp.
III. The Search for Solutions
A. The Model Penal Code, Neurotoxicity, and Federal Environmental
Criminal Liability
B. Concerns About Statutory Reform
Conclusion
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