OCCULTISM IN THE 19TH CENTURY -- A CHRONOLOGY

1774
F.A. Mesmer discovers "animal magnetism," or Mesmerism

1781
H. Fuseli, The Nightmare

1790
William Blake, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell

1795
F. Goya, Witches Sabbath

1808
J.W. von Goethe, Faust, part I; French translation 1827

1820
Wm. Blake's visionary portraits for John Varley (Ghost of a Flea)

1829
Samuel Palmer paints in his Valley of Vision in Shoreham

1832
J.W. von Goethe, Faust, part II finished. Goethe dies.

1835
Honore de Balzac, Seraphita

1842
E. Bulwer-Lytton, Zanoni, a Rosicrucian Tale

1848
The Fox Sisters contact spirits through rapping; Spiritism Craze begins in Hydesville, N.Y.

1850
Allan Kardec (pseudonym for Hyppolyte Leon Denizard Rivail) commences career as Medium in Paris;

1855-57
Victor Hugo creates spiritist drawings, conducts seances

1858
Victorien Sardou publishes automatic drawings of scenes on Jupiter (Mozart's house) in La Revue Spirite

1860
Eliphas Levi (pseudonym for A.L. Constant), History of Magic

1861
Allan Kardec, The Book on Mediums
William H. Mumler publishes first spirit photographs (in Boston)

1862
Eliphas Levi, Fables et Symboles et leur explication

1874
William Crookes, Research in the Phenomena of Spiritualism

1875
Theosophical Society founded by H.P. Blavatsky & Col. Olcott in New York

1877
H.P. Blavatsky, Isis Unveiled

1882
Society for Psychical Research founded in London

1884
J. Peladan, Le Vice Supreme
French branch of Theosophical Society founded; again in 1887 as Societe d'Isis

1885
Carl du Prel, Philosophy of Mysticism

1886
Stanislaus de Guaita, Au Seuil du Mystere
J.J. Tissot attends seances by William Eglinton to contact the late Mrs. Newton

1888
H.P. Blavatsky, The Secret Doctrine
W.B. Yeats joins the theosophists
S. de Guaita founds Kabbalistic Order of Rose+Croix in Paris
Papus (pseudonym for Gerard Encausse) founds journal L'Initiation (Paris)
Papus, Traite elementaire des sciences occultes

1889
Edouard Schure, The Great Initiates
P. Gauguin, Self-Portrait with Halo and Snake

1890
W.B. Yeats joins the Order of the Golden Dawn
James Frazer, The Golden Bough
Sar Josephin Peladan founds the Order ot the Catholic Rose+Croix, of the Temple and of the Grail (schism with Guaita)
Paul Serusier, Portrait of Paul Ranson in Nabi Costume

1891
J.-K. Huysmans, La Bas (Down There)

1892
War of the Roses; occult battles in Paris involving Jules Bois, S. de Guaita, J. Peladan, Abbe Boullan
Sar J. Peladan establishes Salons de la Rose+Croix in Paris; these continue until 1897

1890s
Colonel de Rochas experiments with hypnotic regression to past lives

1895
August Strindberg, "Introduction a une chimie unitaire," Mercure de France; alchemical experiments; see his Inferno

1897
Bram Stoker, Dracula
S. de Guaita, La Clef de la Magie Noir

1900
Fernand Khnopff erects an altar to Hypnos (date approximate)

1901
Annie Besant & C.W. Leadbeater, Thought Forms

1902
C.W. Leadbeater, Man Visible and Invisible

1908
Piet Mondrian joins the Theosophical Society in Amsterdam
(Wassily Kandinsky also a Theosophist)