Ajax
by Sophocles
Text



Ajax's final speech            Menelaus discovers Ajax's body
AgamemnonTeucer argue OdysseusTeucer


From the fourth episode, Ajax's final speech.  Translation:  Shomit Dutta.

AJAX:  The executioner is set where it can cut
Most cleanly, if there is time for such thoughts.
The gift of hector, whom I loathe so much,
Whose sight I hated most of all my enemies,
is planted in this hostile Trojan soil,
The blade just sharpened on a grinding stone.
I have embedded it with care so that it may
Oblige me kindly with an instant death.
Everything is set.  After this, O Zeus,
Be first to help me, as is only right.
It is a modest favor that I ask of you:
To send a bearer of my grievous news to Teucer,
That he may be the first to life me up
From where I fall on this freshly stained sword,
So that I am not found first by some enemy
And thrown carrion to the dogs and birds.
This, Zeus, is all I ask of you.  I also call on
Hermes, who guides the dead, to put me gently
To rest, without a struggle, in one swift leap,
Once I puncture my ribcage with this sword.
And I ask the help of the ever-living maidens
Who look for ever on all human suffering,
The stern, far-ranging Furies.  Let them mark
How I am ruined by the sons of Atreus.
Strike that evil pair with harshest evils!
Obliterate them! And as they see me fallen
From a self-inflicted blow, so let them perish
At the hands of their own beloved children.
Come, you Furies, swift avengers! Glut your rage!
Do not spare a soul in the army! And you
Who steer your chariot along high heaven,
Helios, when you spy my native land,
Check your reins, all laden with gold,
And tell my aged father and poor mother
Who raised me of my disastrous downfall.
Unhappy woman, when she hears the news
She will send a great cry throughout the city.
Bu all such wailing is useless.  And now
The deed must be done and done quickly!
Death, Death, come gaze upon me now-
Wait, I will speak to you later below.
But you, light of this radiant day,
And Helios, in your chariot, I salute you
One last time and never again!
O light, O sacred soil of my birthplace,
Salamis, bedrock of my native hearth,
And glorious Athens, kindred race to mine,
You springs and rivers, and you plains of Troy,
You who have nursed me, I bid you farewell!
These are the last words Ajax has to say.
The rest I'll tell in Hades to the dead.

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Fifth episode, Teucer and Menelaus discover Ajax's body.  Translation: Shomit Dutta.

Teucer:  I see him.  He's not hard to make out at this range.

Menelaus:  You there! I warn you not to lift a finger
To move that body.  Leave it where it is.

Teucer:  Why waste your breath on such an order?

Menelaus:  I will it; so does the commander of the army.

Teucer: And can you tell me what your reasons are?

Menelaus:  When we led him from home, we hoped that he
Would be a friend and ally to the Greeks.  Instead
We have found him more hostile than the Trojans.
He intended to murder the whole army,
Coming by at night to put us to the sword.
And if a god had not foiled his attempt
We would have me the fate that is now his-
Lying low in a miserable death-
While he survived.  But as things are, a god
Deflected his assault onto our sheep and cattle.
For this reason no man has power enough
To lay his body to rest in a grave.  Instead,
He will by cast out on the yellow sand
To become food for the birds of the shore.
Raise no angry threats in response to this.
We would not control him when he was alive,
But now he is dead we shall rule him with a firm hand,
Whether you like it or not.  While he lived
He never listened to a word I said.
It is a mark of evil when a common man
Will not heed those in charge of him.
The laws of state can never function freely,
Not unless fear is properly in place.
Nor can an army be sensibly led
Without a curtain of fear and respect.
A man must realize, however strong he is,
That he may fall to the gentlest of blows.
If he maintains a sense of fear and shame,
Be sure that such a man will remain safe.
But where insolence and license are rife,
Such a state, though sailing smoothly at first,
Will one day plummet to the very depths.
So let me see fear in its rightful place,
And let us not hope to act as we please
Without later paying the price in pain.
These things go by turns.  In the past this man
Blazed with disrespect.  Now it's my turn to be proud.
Therefore, I warn you, do not bury him, in case
By doing so you earn yourself a grave.

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Episode six, Agamemnon and Teucer argue.  Translation: Shomit Dutta

Agamemnon:  It is you, they say, that have dared to spout
Dangerous words against us with impunity!
I am talking to you, slave woman's son!
If you were the child of a well-born mother,
No doubt you'd use fine words and strut on high,
Since as one nobody you stand up for another,
Swearing solemnly that we are not leaders
O the Greek army or the fleet.
You say Ajax sailed her as his own man.
Is it not a scandal to hear such talk from slaves?
What was this man you boast of with such pride?
Where did he go or take his stand that I did not?
Are there no other men among the Greeks but him?
It seems that we shall rue the day we called
The Greeks to contest the wars of Achilles
If we are denounced by Teucer at every turn,
And if you are still not prepared, though beaten,
To bow to the decision of the judges,
But must keep on hurling abuse and stabbing
Us in the back-those of you that are left.
Where such behavior is allowed,
No law can be established properly;
Not if we thrust aside those who win fairly
And bring to the fore those who come behind.
Such things must be stopped! It is not the thickset,
Broad-shouldered men that can be counted on;
It is men of good sense who flourish everywhere.
An ox with a large frame can still
Be kept in line by a small whip.
I see such medicine in store for you
Unless you acquire some wisdom.  You boldly
Insult us with a ready tongue, even though
This man is no more, but already a ghost.
Have you no sense?  Remember who you are!
Bring somebody else here- a freeborn man-And let him speak to us on your behalf.
When you speak, I can't understand;
I cannot interpret your barbarian tongue.

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Episode seven:  Odysseus and Teucer.  Translation: Shomit Dutta

Odysseus:  Listen, then.  In heaven's name, don't dare cast
This man out in cold blood without a burial!
You must not let violence make you hate
The man so much that you trample on justice.
He was also my worst enemy in the army,
Ever since I won the arms of Achilles.
Be that as it may, I would not seek to
Dishonor Ajax by denying that
In him I saw the best of all the Greeks
Who came to Troy, apart from Achilles.
You cannot dishonor him justly;
You would harm not him, but the laws of heaven.
Even if you hate him, it is not right
To harm a noble man once he is dead.

Teucer: Noble Odysseus, I have only praise for you.
You have wholly belied my expectations.
Of all the Greeks you were his greatest enemy,
Yet you alone came to his aid.  You did not dare,
As one of the living, to stand and wrong the dead,
While the demented general and his brother
Were hoping to outrage his body,
And cast him out without a burial.
For that, may the great father of Olympus,
The mindful Fury, and almighty Justice
Destroy those evil men with evil, just as they
Sought to cast out Ajax in undeserved disgrace.

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