Cybele - also called CYBELE, CYBEBE, OR AGDISTIS, ancient Oriental
and Greco-Roman deity, known by a variety of local names; the name Cybele
or Cybebe predominates in Greek and Roman literature from about the 5th
century BC onward. Her full official Roman name was Mater Deum Magna Idaea
(Great Idaean Mother of the Gods). Legends agree in locating the rise of
the worship of the Great Mother in the general area of Phrygia in Asia
Minor (now in west-central Turkey), and during classical times her cult
centre was at Pessinus, located on the slopes of Mount Dindymus, or Agdistis
(hence her names Dindymene and Agdistis). The existence, however, of many
similar non-Phrygian deities indicates that she was merely the Phrygian
form of the nature deity of all Asia Minor. From Asia Minor her cult spread
first to Greek territory. The Greeks always saw in the Great Mother a resemblance
to their own goddess Rhea and finally identified the two completely. In
all of her aspects, Roman, Greek, and Oriental, the Great Mother was characterized
by essentially the same qualities. Most prominent among them was her universal
motherhood. She was the great parent not only of gods but also of human
beings and beasts. She was called the Mountain Mother, and special emphasis
was placed on her maternity over wild nature; this was manifested by the
orgiastic character of her worship. Her mythical attendants, the Corybantes,
were wild, half-demonic beings. Her priests, the galli, castrated themselves
on entering her service. The self-mutilation was justified by the myth
that her lover, the fertility god Attis, had emasculated himself under
a pine tree, where he bled to death.